Monthly Archive for December, 2006

EBD goes to college

For students with Emotional and Behavioral Disorders who make the transition to post-secondary education and for their families, the challenges are substantial, according to a story entitled “Off to College on Their Own, Shadowed by Mental Illness” by Lynette Clemetson of the New York Times. Ms. Clemetson uses two separate cases to illustrate her observations.

Her mother called it a negotiable proposition. But to Jean Lynch-Thomason, a 17-year-old with bipolar disorder who started college this fall, her mom’s notion to fly from their home in Nashville to her campus in Olympia, Wash., every few weeks to monitor Jean’s illness felt needlessly intrusive.

“I am so totally aware of the control you have over me right now,” Jean said, sitting in her parents’ living room one evening last June, before coolly reminding her mother of her upcoming 18th birthday. “In a few months the power dynamic is going to be different.”

For Chris Ference, 19, who is also bipolar, the fast-approaching autonomy of his freshman year held somewhat less appeal. His parents had always directed every aspect of his mental health care. Last summer, over Friday night pizza at his home in Cranberry Township, Pa., he told them that assuming control felt more daunting than liberating.

“If it was up to me, I would just have it so you could make those decisions for me up until I was like, 22,” he said. “I mean, you’ve raised me well up to now. You know me better than anyone.”

This is an important topic, so I’m glad that Ms. Clemetson brought it to the fore. Follow this link (free subscription required) to read Ms. Clemetson’s story. Fortunately, there are resources on which college students with EBD can depend; learn more about some of them at these sites:

  • Active Minds on Campus is a national (US) organization that Ms. Clemetson mentioned; Active Minds encourages student-managed groups on college and university campuses to promote awareness of mental health issues, advocate for mental health and mental illness resources, encourage fellow students to seek help when it is needed, and establish relationships with the mental health community. (I’m glad to note that there’s a chapter at U.Va., the institution where I am employed.)
  • The American Psychological Association provides a special section of its outreach Web site devoted to college mental health.
  • APA’s college mental health section.
  • Cope.Care.Deal, which is funded by the Annenberg Foundation Trust a Sunnylands, provides resources for adolescents.
  • Colleges and universities that receive US federal funds are required to provide services for individuals with disabilities, and this requirement goes beyond ensuring that campuses have wheelchair-accessible facilities; search for “disability” at any school’s Web site.

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10 December 2006 Update: On Psych Central, John Grohol covered this story, too. Here’s a link to his entry.

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ADHD international

For those who argue that ADD-ADHD is a figment of the US (or at least “western”) culture, here’s a quick reminder about the presence of these problems in other cultures.

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder among Nigerian primary school children Prevalence and co-morbid conditions.

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2006 Nov 28;

Authors: Adewuya AO, Famuyiwa OO

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of ADHD and co-morbid conditions in a sample of primary school children aged 7-12 years in Nigeria. METHOD: A two-staged procedure in which primary school pupils aged 6-12 years (n = 1112) were assessed for DSM-IV criteria of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) by their teachers in the first stage and their parents in the second stage. A flexible criterion was used for estimating the prevalence. RESULTS: The prevalence of ADHD was 8.7%. The prevalence of the subtypes were: predominantly Inattentive 4.9%, predominantly hyperactive/impulsive 1.2% and combined 2.6%. The male to female ratio was 2:1 for all the subtypes of ADHD except hyperactive/impulsive which was 3.2:1. The co-morbid conditions include oppositional defiant disorder (ODD - 25.8%), conduct disorder (CD - 9.3%) and anxiety/depression (20.6%). While ODD and CD were associated with the hyperactive/impulsive subtype, anxiety/depression was associated with inattentive subtype. CONCLUSION: Our findings support the notion that ADHD occurs across cultures. Given the prevalent rate, efforts should be made to map out strategies for early identification and referral of these children for proper evaluation and treatment. This study can serve as a platform for future analytical studies about this challenging research issue in sub-Saharan Africa.

Link to the PUBMED source.

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