Archive for the 'Behavior management' Category

Pop questions

“Are we too quick to medicate children?” Melissa Healy asks this question in the headline of an article in the Los Angeles Times. She also weaves the related question—”Are we able to discriminate between normal and atypical behavior?”—into her article.

These are generally sensible questions. They reflect issues of real concern in the scientific community. But, when the headline asks whether we presrcibe medications too quickly, one can guess the answer pretty readily. Unless I’m way off base, would many readers expect the answer to be “no?”

Indeed, the article is nearly chockfull of critical concern about diagnoses, labeling, and treatment. Ms. Healy cites research results (without revealing some of the sources) and quotes at least a half dozen experts. Some of these experts would probably be consider advocates by some of the other experts.

As is de rigeur in contemporary journalism, Ms. Healy leads (and closes) with a case example. She tells the story of a 38-year-old mother who takes her 11-year-old daughter to a psychiatrist, because the girl’s “behavior and performance in school were exemplary, but an ill-tempered outburst had gotten the preteen kicked out of a Girl Scout troop she had joined at age 5. The girl was confused and heartbroken over her ejection.”

Katie’s maternal instincts tell her she must protect her child. But from what, she asks — a disease that threatens health, happiness and future? A bogus label applied to an admittedly challenging kid? Or drugs with potentially harmful and little-studied side effects?

And protect her exactly how — by resisting or by medicating?

In general, this is not a dispassionate examination of the question under which Ms. Healy’s article appears. I say this not because I disagree with her slant, but because the treatment is sensational and poorly informed. Had she gone more deeply into the topic, she would have learned about effective behavioral treatments that provide viable alternatives to medicaiton for many child behavior problems. Instead, she stuck with the hidden-mysteries view of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders of children.

Link to Ms. Healy’s article.

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Who has rights?

When should a student’s right to participate in education be denied because his or her behavior is inimical to rights of other students’ to benefit from education? When is one student’s behavior so problemsome that his “right” to be in a classroom is trumped by his peers’ right to participate in an orderly learning environment?

Most educators, I would hazard a guess, want to make it possible for students to participate in a minimally restrictive environment. Although the “least restrictive environment” clause of the US special education law is buried pretty deeply in the structural outline of legal guarantees, it is advocated strongly by many people (educators, parents, attorneys, etc.) concerned about special education. And, many advocates argue that it—the “right” to the “least restrictive environment”—is the ace of trumps.

Is it? When does the balance shift from the access rights of an individual to the access rights of the individual’s peers? When are the interests of an individual to participate in “mainstream” education of lesser importance than the interests of peer students’ access to an environment that is conducive to learning (i.e., not disrupted)?

These and some other matters are the likely subjects of discussion at a forthcoming meeting on classroom disruptions. Suitably scheduled for Hallowe’en, the meeting will be held in Washington (DC, US). here’s the basic info:

Class Disrupted: Disorder and Its Effects on Learning and School Culture

October 31, 2007

Location: Washington, DC

Many teachers and principals struggle to create and maintain positive classroom and school cultures–free of disruption, disrespect, bullying, intimidation, and violence. While public school systems are rightly focused on meeting AYP and the other requirements of No Child Left Behind, they must also address the fact that without order and respect, little learning and progress can be achieved. Student misbehavior that goes unaddressed in the hallways and the classroom undermines instruction, stifles the development of character and social skills, and contributes to teacher burnout. This forum will:

* Examine disorderly conditions in schools, including factors contributing to the problem, looking beyond traditional concerns about safety and violence, to acts of disrespect, disregard for school rules, and disruptive behavior;
* Highlight the consequences of disorder in schools, specifically on learning and culture;
* Present new ideas on how law impacts student discipline at the school level; and
* Share key perspectives on what must be done to help restore respect and order and maintain safe and productive schools.

Date: October 31, 2007
Time: 8:00 a.m. - 2:30 p.m.
Registration begins at 8:00 a.m.
Lunch will be provided
Location:

Carnegie Endowment for International Peace
1779 Massachusetts Ave., N.W.
Washington, D.C.

If you’re interested in this topic, contact RSVP@cgood.org. (or for more information, contact Ali Kliegman at akliegman [at] cgood.org or 212.681.8199 x14.

Flash of the electrons to Elona Hartjes of Teachers At Risk whose post, “Class Disrupted: Disorder and Its Effects on Learning and School Culture” brought this to my attention.

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Disciplinary policy: Proactive problem-solving

According to a story in the Richmond (VA, US) Times-Dispatch, the Richmond Public Schools have collaborated with a statewide legal-aid group called JustChildren to address problems arising when discipline rules conflict with the right to an education under US and VA laws that is due to students with disabilities. In the article, Olympia Meola describes efforts to ensure that children with disabilities who are subject to disciplinary rules because of misconduct are not suspended or expelled inappropriately.

This week, JustChildren and Richmond schools entered a broad agreement aimed at improving services for all special-education students who are disciplined for violating the student code of conduct in school.

“There was good will, there were good people, and the teachers would rally around that individual child, but we were fishing kids out of the stream one at a time,” she said. “We needed to step back and make the system as a whole better.”

The agreement with Richmond schools is a first for JustChildren, and it’s intended to help the schools boost services for students who are facing a disciplinary hearing or have been suspended or expelled. During the 2006-07 school year, 166 exceptional-education students in Richmond schools had a disciplinary hearing.

JustChildren approached the Richmond school system with the partnership idea about nine months ago. The move was spurred not by one particularly egregious case, but rather by the cumulative effect of many cases, and the fact that JustChildren’s growth has allowed the organization to do more expansive work, said Andrew Block, the program’s legal director.

The intersection of disciplinary rules and disabilities has been a lightening rod in special educational policy. Why, some people wonder, aren’t rules applied equitably regardless of whether students have disabilities? Why, some other people wonder, should a problem that is manifestation of a student’s disability cause her or him to lose access to educational services? I’m very glad to see advocates and a local education agency addressing this issue in a positive and reasoned manner.

Link to Ms. Meola’s story. Learn more about JustChildren, which is one of several programs of the Legal Aid Justice Center.

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Officer training

Police used a stun gun to subdue 15-year-old Taylor Karras, a young man who has Autism. According to reports, hours after Mr. Karras fled from a counseling session at a regional services center, police were alerted that he was on streets in traffic. Los Angeles (CA, US) Times reporter Jennifer Delson wrote that police representative Jim Amormino said that a deputy used a Taser gun to prevent Mr. Karras from going into traffic and being hit by automobiles.

Amormino said Taylor yelled something when approached by a deputy, then ran across Newport Avenue, causing two cars to swerve. It was then that a deputy shot him with a Taser gun.

The deputy handcuffed the youth to keep him out of traffic, Amormino said.

I cannot tell whether the deputy who subdued Mr. Karras knew that Mr. Karras has a disability. It seems unlikely. I infer from comments by Mr. Karras’ mother that police probably did not know that a youth with Autism was on the streets unaccompanied.

Ms. Delson reported that Mr. Karras’ mother considered the officer’s action “aggressive.” I do not know exactly how this scenario unfolded, but I can understand this concern. I know from my own failures that approaching children and youths with disabilities in an over-powering way can result in flight and other erratic behavior. Of course, for the person asserting power, flight and erratic behavior can elicit escalation of threats and authority assertive behavior.

Just the same, I can also understand the importance of sometimes taking quick and overwhelming action to protect a child. Mr. Amormino claimed that this was the case when the officer found Mr. Karras moving in and out of traffic.

Without additional information, it’s hard to make a reasoned determination of whether the officer should or should not have used the level of force represented by the stun gun. However, it is relatively easy to reiterate a point that I’ve stressed in earlier entries on this blog: Societies deserve to have law enforcement officers who are prepared—explicitly trained to mastery—to recognize and respond appropriately when they encounter our children and youths with disabilities.

Previous posts from EBD Blog on this topic:

Coverage of this story in the press:

Follow the story via Google News.

Flash of the electrons to Liz Ditz of I Speak of Dreams for alerting me to this story.

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TECBD 2007

The annual meeting of Teacher Educators for Children with Behavioral Disorders (TECBD), now named after Rob Rutherford who founded it, will be held 15-17 November 2007 in Tempe (AZ, US). Steve Forness, Cheryl George, and John Maag are among the people who’ll be speaking this year.

Every year, EBDBlog has announced the call for papers, so this is nothing new. There is still time to propose a presentation for this year’s meeting. Potential presenters may submit proposals for sessions using the TECBD site.

Link to the Web site for TECBD. Link for proposing presentations.

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Pre-school ADHD

In the fall of 2006 Scott Kollins, Laurence Greenhilll, James Swanson and a host of colleagues described the Preschool ADHD Treatment Study (PATS; funded by the US National Institute of Mental Heath or NIMH) in one of a series of articles in the prestigious Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. In other articles, the research team presented the outcomes of the study: Ratings of ADHD symptoms were lower among children who received doses of between 2.5 and 7.5 mgs of Methylphenidate three times a day and children taking the medication grew more slowly than expected.
Continue reading ‘Pre-school ADHD’

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