Archive for the 'Schizophrenia' Category

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Jani illustrates troubles

Shari Roan’s article entitled “Jani’s at the mercy of her mind” illustrates the difficulties encountered by children with schizophrenia and their families. For those who do not know about schizophrenia in children, this journalistic case study will be a good introduction.

It’s been a rough week. A few days ago, at UCLA’s Resnick Neuropsychiatric Hospital, 6-year-old Jani toppled a food cart and was confined to her room. She slammed her head against the floor, opening a bloody cut that sent her into hysterics. Later, she kicked the hospital therapy dog.

Jani normally likes animals. But most of her animal friends — cats, rats, dogs and birds — are phantoms that only she can see. January Schofield has schizophrenia. Potent psychiatric drugs — in doses that would stagger most adults — seem to skip off her. She is among the rarest of the rare: a child seemingly born mentally ill.

Here’s a video segment (7:45) from the story; it’s by Don Kelsen and Tim French.

 

Link to Ms. Roan’s article. For other resources about childhood schizophrenia, see these links:

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Officer training for handling incidents

Reporting on US National Public Radio’s Morning Edition, Joanne Silberner presented a story about police officers handling incidents in which they encounter people with emotional and behavior disorders who are behaving in ways that appear threatening to the officers. Although her story uses adult cases for illustrations, this topic should also be of interest for youths who have EBD and for the families of children with EBD.

Here’s an excerpt from Ms. Silberner’s report.

It’s a situation no one wants to see: An armed police officer is called because someone is in the throes of a psychotic episode. “How the officer handles that situation can have a significant impact,” says Russell Laine, head of the International Association of Chiefs of Police.
Continue reading ‘Officer training for handling incidents’

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MHA celebrates centennial

Mental Health America, a large and active US group that advocates for people with emotional and behavioral disorders, will focus its centennial celebration around the theme, “’Celebrating the Legacy; Forging the Future’ 1909 – 2009.”

Mental Health America is celebrating 100 years of advocacy, public education, and support for Americans with mental health conditions. Over the past century, we have transformed our nation’s approach to mental health by working to create a just, humane and healthy society in which all people are accorded respect, dignity and the opportunity to achieve their full potential free from stigma and prejudice.

These are the folks who famously recast as a bell the shackles that had been used to restrain people with mental illness. That bell now symbolize improved—but still not perfected—understanding and treatment for people with mental illness. In addition to offering many other valuable services (policy advocacy, hotlines, etc.), MHA educates the public about mental health and mental illness. It provides fact sheets about (to list just a few) anxiety disorders, depression, bipolar disorder, eating disorders, schizophrenia, and suicide.

Go learn more.

Mental Health America
2000 N. Beauregard Street, 6th Floor Alexandria, VA 22311
Phone (703) 684-7722
Toll free (800) 969-6642
TTY 800/433-5959
Fax (703) 684-5968

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Sci Am on paternal age

Under the title “The Father Factor: How Dad’s Age Increases Baby’s Risk of Mental Illness: Could becoming a father after age 40 raise the risks that your children will have a mental illness?” in Scientific American, Paul Raeburn reported on the association of paternal age with childhood schizophrenia and Autism. Using the birth of his own child as a springboard, Mr. Raeburn recounts some of the research on this topic. For example, he covers Dolores Malaspina’s epidemiological work as well as mouse-analog studies by Jay Gingrich. It’s a good introduction to the topic.

Read Mr. Raeburn’s article. Also, for additional resources, please see Leslie Feldman’s “Fathers’ Age as Contributor to Risk for Autism” from right here on EBD Blog.
by.

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New resource

I have not yet had the chance to review it, but from the table of contents, the new book entitled Effective Practices for Children With Autism: Educational and Behavioral Support Interventions That Work and edited by James Luiselli and colleagues appears to be a valuable resource. I’ve sent a request to my library to have dibs on it when some other reader returns it.

Luiselli, J. K., Russo, D. K., Christian, W. P., & Wilczynski, S. M. (Eds.). (2008). Effective practices for children with autism: Educational and behavioral support interventions that work. New York: Oxford.

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Severe disorders as extremes in gene expression

Christopher Badcock and Bernard Crespi, professors of sociology and biology, respectively, developed a new and intriguing hypothesis about the causes of severe disorders such as autism and schizophrenia. Under the titles “Imbalanced genomic imprinting in brain development: An evolutionary basis for the aetiology of autism” in Journal of Evolutionary Biology (2006) and “Battle of the sexes may set the brain” in Nature (2008), Professors Badcock and Crespi suggest that “A tug-of-war between the mother’s and father’s genes in the developing brain could explain a spectrum of mental disorders from autism to schizophrenia.”

In addition to challenging researchers with new ideas to test, their hypothesis is garnering coverage from the popular press. The story is being covered by New York Times, Discover, Autism Vox, and other sources. Part of the reason it’s getting this attention is that there are other implications of the hypothesis. For example, Professors Badcock and Crespi suggest that some scientists’ behavior—fascination with things and perseverance in analyzing them—may also be a result of the tension between gene expression.
Continue reading ‘Severe disorders as extremes in gene expression’

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Possible balancer of neural excitation-inhibition?

Neurons in the central nervous system communicate with each other chemically through neural synapses. Neurons receive excitatory input from glutamatergic neurons and inhibitory input from GABA-releasing (GABAergic) interneurons. Some hypotheses about Autism are predicated on the possibility that there is an imbalance between the excitatory and inhibitory neural activity, perhaps especially in the so-called mirror neurons. Reporting in Nature, Yingxi Lin and fellow scientistics working in Michael Greenberg’s group at Harvard University have discovered a gene—Npas4—that may regulate the balance between excessive and insufficient excitation of synapses.
Continue reading ‘Possible balancer of neural excitation-inhibition?’

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Schizophrenia geneses

I guess one can read geneses as a typographical variant on genes or, as I intended, as the plural of genesis. Using it the latter way: Emerging evidence makes it appear even more unlikely than ever that researchers will be able to identify a relative few genes—let alone the or one gene—for schizophrenia. Writing under the headline “Gene-Hunters Find Hope and Hurdles in Schizophrenia Studies,” the noted science journalist Nicholas Wade published an article summarizing research that points to the conclusion that there may be many different genetic bases for schizophrenia.

Two groups of researchers hunting for schizophrenia genes on a larger scale than ever before have found new genetic variants that point toward a different understanding of the disease.
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The variants discovered by the two groups, one led by Dr. Kari Stefansson of Decode Genetics in Iceland and the other by Dr. Pamela Sklar of the Massachusetts General Hospital, are all rare. They substantially increase the risk of schizophrenia in those affected but account for a tiny fraction of the total number of cases.

This finding, coupled with the general lack of success so far in finding common variants for schizophrenia, raises the possibility that the genetic component of the disease is due to a very large number of variants, each of which is very rare, rather than to a handful of common variants.

This is an article well worth reading. Link to Mr. Wade’s arctile.

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UPenn newsletter June 08

The University of Pennsylvania Collaborative on Community Integration has published its latest newsletter. To view this newsletter in fully formated form, click here. You can also find this issue and previous ones in the newsletter archive on the UPenn Collaborative Web site.

Continue reading ‘UPenn newsletter June 08′

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Rare mutations may link to EBD

A multi-institution research team has discovered that rare mutations, which probably affect development in the human nervous system, may significantly increase the risk of schizophrenia. The researchers found that adults with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder and youth with childhood onset schizophrenia (COS) were 3 to 4 times more likely to have rare structural variants that deleted or duplicated one or a few genes. They say that the disrupted genes are “over-represented in pathways important for brain development.

Under the heading “Rare Mutations Hint at Multiple Schizophrenias,” Constance Holden of ScienceNOW Daily News described the finding in this way:
Continue reading ‘Rare mutations may link to EBD’

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New therapy

Here’s a description of a highly touted intervention.

[Method X] is recognized worldwide as a general method to reinforce the body’s protective abilities for people of all ages who suffer from various disorders and pre-illness conditions, i.e. practically healthy people.

[Method X] involves the organized interaction between [therapy agent] and person, with optimal conditions to offer benefits to the person as well as the [therapy agent].

[Method X] can assist in the following tasks:

- Correction of psychological development for people with nervous system disorders
- Development of cognitive activity for people with psycho-neurological disorders
- Development of children’s speech
- Removal of chronic pain
- Reduction of neurological and vegetative-vascular reactions
- Relief from psychosomatic conditions
- Reduction of unintentional movements, tics and spasms
- Rehabilitation of people, victims of violence or other stressful situations
- Psycho-emotional training for specialists whose work is connected with extremely stressful situations
- Leisure and relaxation for healthy people–children and adults

The main component of [Method X] is the psychological effect from the interaction between [the client] and [the therapy assistant] in an unaccustomed environment and the physical therapy effect from [Y and Z] made by these [therapists].

Would you want to use this therapy for yourself or your child?

I would! But, that’s because I know what the therapy is.

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PDX RTC

RTC at PDX banner

The paper mail included a copy of Focal Point, the periodical from the Research and Training Center (RTC) on Family Support and Children’s Mental Health at Portland (OR, US) State University. As usual, it includes many worthwhile articles. It reminded me that I should reminder readers of EBD Blog about the RTC.

Continue reading ‘PDX RTC’

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